I. Landfill Gas and Composting Project ( Financed by WWR, Netherlands)

Waste Concern has already prepared a CDM project on “Landfill Gas Recovery in Dhaka” under the recently completed project entitled “ Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism in Bangladesh” under the MoEF's SEMP project with support from UNDP.

Apart from Landfill Gas Recovery Project in Dhaka, Waste Concern has prepared two composting projects based in Dhaka and Chittagong as well as a landfill gas recovery project in Chittagong. Moreover, Waste Concern is also preparing a baseline for poultry waste In Bangladesh. A snapshot view of these four projects is presentedinTable1.

On August 8, 2004, the National CDM Board of Bangladesh has recently approved the Landfill Gas Recovery and
Composting Project in Dhaka. World Wide Recycling (WWR) of the Netherlands is investing in the aforementioned CDM
projects in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

II. SSN Project (Supported by the Netherlands Government)

The SouthSouthNorth (SSN) Network, which is composed of environmental NGOs from four countries South Africa, Brazil, Indonesia and Bangladesh, is developing CDM projects through the assistance of the Netherlands Government. SSN's participating institution in Bangladesh is Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS). The following two CDM projects are under development.

• SHS with Grameen Shakti
• CFLs to replace incandescent light bulbs with Grameen Shakti and EnergyPac

The first project aims to sell 30,000 SHSs in non-grid areas of rural Bangladesh. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CER) would be reduced per year bringing in a financial benefit of about $ 80,000 per year. The second project is designed to sell 100,000 Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) in rural areas. The project is expected to reduce at least 5,000 tons of carbon dioxide and bring in $40,000 per year. Both these projects have received the go-ahead from the DNA for PDD submission.

III. Electricity Demand Side Management Project (Supported by Canadian CIDA)

Engconsult Ltd., Canada and Prokaushal Upodeshta Ltd., Bangladesh have jointly undertaken a study in February-March 2003 to explore and perform practical experimentation on the effectiveness of the use of ElectroFlow system in Bangladesh conditions. The study team researched the technical and financial feasibility of ElectroFlow - an Energy and Environmental Conservation system at Youngone Dying and Spinning Industry in Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Savar, Bangladesh.

ElectroFlow system developed by Electenergy Technologies Inc. of USA, helps industries and governments to optimize the use of electrical energy which results in up to 34% energy saving. ElectroFlow is a microprocessor based control system, operating on ladder logic principle, will ensure continuous monitoring of system's reactive power/power factor (X/R), and threshold current. An automatic system, equipped with variable high and low adjustments, whose control employs data inputs other than that of the system's reactive current component will perform during its corrective process in a damped or tuned RLC network response to an indicative or relative manner.

An energy baseline has been calculated using past 12 months energy consumption data. The potential on-site emission reductions associated with the installation of ElectroFlow system are calculated using emission coefficients for natural gas. Based on a preliminary assessment on the observed data in Youngone by the system manufacturer, it is proposed that ElectroFlow system has the potential to conserve 10% energy use in the industry. And the simple payback period for this industry is calculated to be 34 months. The final emission reduction will be calculated using the energy conservation data after the system installation.

IV. Industrial CHP/Cogeneration Project (Supported by NEDO, Japan)

NEDO of Japan is actively pursuing Industrial Cogeneration CDM projects in Bangladesh. They have identified many
prospective industries and are in the process of implementing a Cogeneration scheme in a textile industry. Other Japanese companies are interested in energy efficient CDM projects. The Cogeneration technology is described below.

There exist many industries, which require substantial quantities of both electricity and heat. In a traditional setup, electricity is either purchased or generated in-situ using natural gas, and the process heat is obtained by burning natural gas in a boiler. In the improved energy efficiency setup a technique known as cogeneration can be employed. Conventional electricity generation is able only to extract a portion of the total energy in the fuel. The exhausted heat whether in power plants or in on-site electricity generators is “wasted”, i.e., released to the atmosphere. Using what is known as a “Waste Heat Boiler”, the 'Wasted heat' from an electricity generator can be used to provide industrial process heat. Excess electricity can be sold to the grid or to the locality. The electricity generation efficiency, which is between 30-35% (Fig1), now gets transformed into total energy efficiency of more than 80% (Fig2). In effect, the heat used by the industry becomes totally free, i.e., the natural gas requirement for the boiler is eliminated.