Through the CDM mechanism GHG
emissions can be reduced in three major sectors,
namely:
- |
The waste sector options mainly
prevent the release of methane from bio-methanation
processes. The methane collected can be flared
or used to generate electricity. When electricity
is generated, the GHG reduction due to fossil
fuel replacement can be claimed. When waste
is converted to replace chemical fertilizer,
GHG reduction can be claimed. The waste sector
options for Bangladesh can be landfill, poultry
waste, human excreta and waste water treatment. |
- |
The options in the forestry sector can be
both aforestation and reforestation. |
- |
The energy sector options for CDM are numerous.
It is best to look at these projects within
the type they belong to. The different types
of CDM projects along with some suitable examples
for Bangladesh are listed below. |
- |
Switching from carbon intensive fuels to
less carbon intensive fuels or renewables
- Replacing coal by natural gas in brickfields;
Replacing diesel buses by CNG buses; Solar
home systems |
- |
Replacing an inefficient device by an efficient
one Incandescent bulbs to Compact Fluorescent
lamps; Efficient air-conditioners; Efficient
grinders in cement industries; Improved cookstoves |
- |
Increasing the efficiency of an existing
device - Retrofitting boilers and motors;
Vehicle maintenance; Retrofitting old ammonia-urea
plants to bring those to the level of the
state-of-the-art plants; |
- |
Modifications of a process so that it consumes
less fossil fuel - Pulping using Continuous
digesters in place of Batch digesters; Replacing
the wet process of cement manufacture by the
dry process in the Chattak Cement Factory
|
- |
Cogeneration Waste heat utilization either
from electricity generating turbines or high
temperature processes - The first option is
also known as Cogeneration which can be employed
in Sugar Mills; Textile Mills; Jute Mills;
Tea Manufacturing etc. The second option can
be employed in Ceramic Industries. |
- |
Greenfield projects (i.e. using an entirely
different process in a new project to accomplish
the same outputs as the baseline) - Vertical
Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) for brick making
; Hoffman Kiln, which uses natural gas,
is a greenfield project with fuel switching. |
- |
Lowering energy consumption through building
design and materials Solar reflective glass
windows to reduce air-conditioning load, Design
buildings to have windows facing south |
- |
Conservation Car pooling; Using mass transit
systems instead of personalized transport
modes; occupancy |
- |
From the long list of projects it would
be apparent that there can be many CDM projects
in the eight categories listed above. The
essential idea is to reduce GHG emission with
respect to a predetermined (agreed and approved)
baseline emission. Since CDM is a project
based mechanism the fact that Bangladesh's
overall energy consumption is very low should
be no barrier. It is also important to note
that CDM is concerned with emission that will
occur in the future, and in that respect,
the prospect of CDM is bright because Bangladesh's
commercial energy consumption is increasing
at 6% per year. |
